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<h1><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/pages/education/index.html" target="_blank"><font color="#000000">Education</font></a> </h1></div>
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<div>Heidi Schumann for The New York Times</div>
<p>In California, high school interns try out digital "flexbooks"
created by the CK-12 Foundation. </p></div>
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<div>By <a title="More Articles by Tamar Lewin" href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/l/tamar_lewin/index.html?inline=nyt-per" target="_blank"><font color="#004276">TAMAR LEWIN</font></a></div>
<div>Published: August 8, 2009 </div>
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<p>At <a title="Empire High School" href="http://ehs.vail.k12.az.us/" target="_blank"><font color="#004276">Empire High School</font></a> in Vail, Ariz., students use
computers provided by the school to get their lessons, do their homework and
hear podcasts of their teachers’ science lectures. </p>
<p>Down the road, at <a title="Cienega High School" href="http://chs.vail.k12.az.us/" target="_blank"><font color="#004276">Cienega High
School</font></a>, students who own laptops can register for “digital sections”
of several English, history and science classes. And throughout the district, a
<a title="Beyond Textbooks Web site." href="http://beyondtextbooks.org/" target="_blank"><font color="#004276">Beyond Textbooks</font></a> initiative encourages teachers to
create — and share — lessons that incorporate their own PowerPoint
presentations, along with videos and research materials they find by sifting
through reliable Internet sites. </p>
<p>Textbooks have not gone the way of the scroll yet, but many educators say
that it will not be long before they are replaced by digital versions — or
supplanted altogether by lessons assembled from the wealth of free courseware,
educational games, videos and projects on the Web. </p>
<p>“Kids are wired differently these days,” said Sheryl R. Abshire, chief
technology officer for the <a title="Calcasieu school system" href="http://www.cpsb.org/" target="_blank"><font color="#004276">Calcasieu Parish school
system</font></a> in Lake Charles, La. “They’re digitally nimble. They
multitask, transpose and extrapolate. And they think of knowledge as
infinite.</p>
<p>“They don’t engage with textbooks that are finite, linear and rote,” Dr.
Abshire continued. “Teachers need digital resources to find those documents,
those blogs, those wikis that get them beyond the plain vanilla curriculum in
the textbooks.” </p>
<p>In California, Gov. <a title="More articles about Arnold Schwarzenegger." href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/s/arnold_schwarzenegger/index.html?inline=nyt-per" target="_blank"><font color="#004276">Arnold Schwarzenegger</font></a> this summer announced an
initiative that would replace some high school science and math texts with free,
“open source” digital versions. </p>
<p>With California in dire straits, the governor hopes free textbooks could save
hundreds of millions of dollars a year. </p>
<p>And given that students already get so much information from the Internet,
iPods and <a title="More articles about Twitter." href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/business/companies/twitter/index.html?inline=nyt-org" target="_blank"><font color="#004276">Twitter</font></a> feeds, he said, digital texts could save them
from lugging around “antiquated, heavy, expensive textbooks.” </p>
<p>The initiative, the first such statewide effort, has attracted widespread
attention, since California, together with Texas, dominates the nation’s
textbook market. </p>
<p>Many superintendents are enthusiastic. </p>
<p>“In five years, I think the majority of students will be using digital
textbooks,” said William M. Habermehl, superintendent of the 500,000-student
Orange County schools. “They can be better than traditional textbooks.” </p>
<p>Schools that do not make the switch, Mr. Habermehl said, could lose their
constituency.</p>
<p>“We’re still in a brick-and-mortar, 30-students-to-1-teacher paradigm,” Mr.
Habermehl said, “but we need to get out of that framework to having 200 or 300
kids taking courses online, at night, 24/7, whenever they want.”</p>
<p>“I don’t believe that charters and vouchers are the threat to schools in
Orange County,” he said. “What’s a threat is the digital world — that someone’s
going to put together brilliant $200 courses in French, in geometry by the best
teachers in the world.” </p>
<p>But the digital future is not quite on the horizon in most classrooms. For
one thing, there is still a large digital divide. Not every student has access
to a computer, a <a title="Recent and archival news about the Amazon Kindle." href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/subjects/k/kindle/index.html?inline=nyt-classifier" target="_blank"><font color="#004276">Kindle</font></a> electronic reader device or a smartphone, and
few districts are wealthy enough to provide them. So digital textbooks could
widen the gap between rich and poor. </p>
<p>“A large portion of our kids don’t have computers at home, and it would be
way too costly to print out the digital textbooks,” said Tim Ward, assistant
superintendent for instruction in California’s 24,000-student <a title="Chaffey school district" href="http://www.cjuhsd.k12.ca.us/cgi-bin/showPage.plx" target="_blank"><font color="#004276">Chaffey Joint Union High School District</font></a>, where almost
half the students are from low-income families. </p>
<p>Many educators expect that digital textbooks and online courses will start
small, perhaps for those who want to study a subject they cannot fit into their
school schedule or for those who need a few more credits to graduate.</p>
<p>Although California education authorities are reviewing 20 open-source high
school math and science texts to make sure they meet California’s exacting
academic standards in time for use this fall — and will announce this week which
ones meet state standards — quick adoption is unlikely. </p>
<p>“I want our teachers to have the best materials available, and with digital
textbooks, we could see the best lessons taught by the most dynamic teachers,”
said John A. Roach, superintendent of the Carlsbad, Calif., schools. “But
they’re not going to replace paper texts right away.” </p>
<p>Whenever it comes, the online onslaught — and the competition from
open-source materials — poses a real threat to traditional textbook publishers.
</p>
<p><a title="Pearson" href="http://www.pearson.com/" target="_blank"><font color="#004276">Pearson</font></a>, the nation’s largest one, submitted four texts
in California, all of them already available online, as free supplements to
their texts. </p>
<p>“We believe that the world is going digital, but the jury’s still out on how
this will evolve,” said Wendy Spiegel, a Pearson spokeswoman. “We’re agnostic,
so we’ll provide digital, we’ll provide print, and we’ll see what our customers
want.” </p>
<p>Most of the digital texts submitted for review in California came from a
nonprofit group, <a title="CK12" href="http://about.ck12.org/" target="_blank"><font color="#004276">CK-12 Foundation,</font></a> that develops free “flexbooks” that
can be customized to meet state standards, and added to by teachers. Its physics
flexbook, a Web-based, open-content compilation, was introduced in Virginia in
March. </p>
<p>“The good part of our flexbooks is that they can be anything you want,” said
Neeru Khosla, a founder of the group. “You can use them online, you can download
them onto a disk, you can print them, you can customize them, you can embed
video. When people get over the mind-set issue, they’ll see that there’s no
reason to pay $100 a pop for a textbook, when you can have the content you want
free.”</p>
<p>The move to open-source materials is well under way in higher education — and
may be accelerated by <a title="More articles about Barack Obama." href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/o/barack_obama/index.html?inline=nyt-per" target="_blank"><font color="#004276">President Obama</font></a>’s proposal to invest in creating free
online courses as part of his push to improve <a title="More articles about community colleges." href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/subjects/c/community_colleges/index.html?inline=nyt-classifier" target="_blank"><font color="#004276">community colleges</font></a>. </p>
<p>Around the world, hundreds of universities, including <a title="More articles about Massachusetts Institute of Technology" href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/organizations/m/massachusetts_institute_of_technology/index.html?inline=nyt-org" target="_blank"><font color="#004276">M.I.T.</font></a> and <a title="More articles about Fahd." href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/f/fahd/index.html?inline=nyt-per" target="_blank"><font color="#004276">King Fahd</font></a> University of Petroleum and Minerals in Saudi
Arabia, now use and share open-source courses. <a title="Connexions" href="http://cnx.org/" target="_blank"><font color="#004276">Connexions</font></a>, a <a title="More articles about Rice University" href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/organizations/r/rice_university/index.html?inline=nyt-org" target="_blank"><font color="#004276">Rice University</font></a> nonprofit organization devoted to
open-source learning, submitted an algebra text to California. </p>
<p>But given the economy, many educators and technology experts agree that the
K-12 digital revolution may be further off. </p>
<p>“There’s a lot of stalled purchasing and decision making right now,” said
Mark Schneiderman, director of federal education policy at the <a title="Software association" href="http://www.siia.net/" target="_blank"><font color="#004276">Software & Information Industry Association</font></a>. “But
it’s going to happen.” </p>
<p>For all the attention to the California initiative, digital textbooks are
only the start of the revolution in educational technology. </p>
<p>“We should be bracing ourselves for way more interactive, way more engaging
videos, activities and games,” said Marina Leight of the <a title="Center for Digital Education" href="http://www.centerdigitaled.com/index.php" target="_blank"><font color="#004276">Center for
Digital Education</font></a>, which promotes digital education through surveys,
publications and meetings. </p>
<p>Vail’s Beyond Textbooks effort has moved in that direction. In an Empire High
School history class on elections, for example, students created their own
political parties, campaign Web sites and videos.</p>
<p>“Students learn the same concepts, but in a different way,” said Matt
Donaldson, Empire’s principal. </p>
<p>“We’ve mapped out our state standards,” Mr. Donaldson said, “and our teachers
have identified whatever resources they feel best covers them, whether it’s a
project they created themselves or an interesting site on the Internet. What
they don’t do, generally, is take chapters from textbooks.”
</p>
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</div><br><br clear="all"><br>-- <br>Caroline Meeks<br>Solution Grove<br>Caroline@SolutionGrove.com<br><br>617-500-3488 - Office<br>505-213-3268 - Fax<br>